The climate as a system controlled by the fluid, chemical, geological, and biological dynamics of the earth. Investigation of natural and man-made climate change over the period of 100 to 100 million years, including the greenhouse effects, tectonic climate forcing, astronomic (Milankovitch) cycles, deep ocean circulation, and biological feedback. How past climate is measured.

Elementary mapping and monitoring methods. Map interpretation, preparation of maps; survey techniques including pace and compass, leveling, and global positioning systems; environmental monitoring. Field lab. Cannot receive credit if taken after receiving credit for ESCI 530 or NR 542.

Course focuses on the processes that shape the Earth's surface. Lectures discuss the development of landscapes in a wide variety of climatic and geologic settings, with an emphasis on understanding the process mechanics that create landforms and surficial deposits. Labs involve topographic map interpretation, geomorphic data analysis, and short field exercises. Course incorporates one weekend field trip that explores the landscapes of Cape Cod. Students also gain practical experience in geomorphic research by teaming up and completing a required lab- or field-based project. Lab.

Basic physical principles important in the land phase of the hydrologic cycle, including precipitation, snowmelt, infiltration and soil physics, evapotranspiration, and surface and subsurface flow to streams. Problems of measurement and aspects of statistical treatment of hydrologic data. Field trips. Lab.