For students without previous training in German. Aural comprehension, speaking, writing, reading in a cultural context. No credit for those with two or more years of German in secondary school.

Review of grammar; practice in oral and written expression; readings and cultural material. Labs.

Intensive practice in vocabulary building and developing a sense of appropriate style for various contexts of oral and written communication. Discussion and writing on topics of current interest, written and oral reports, role play, and simulation of everyday situations, reinforced by written work.

Explore the world of the ancient Greeks by learning the basic elements of Attic Greek: the alphabet, vocabulary and grammar. By the end of the first semester students will be prepared to read short adapted passages on the history, poetry, ,philosophy, religion (ancient Greek and early Christianity), mythology, politics, theater and culture of the ancient Greeks and the many other cultures that they were associated with.