Topics drawn from all aspects and periods of French civilization. May be repeated for credit barring duplication of materials. (Not offered every year.)

Examines patterns and trends of armed conflict, especially terrorism, insurgency and civil war in the 21st century. Reviews conditions that are likely to lead to war and the myriad ways conflict affects the economy, political system, and cultural norms of a society. Explores how civil wars end, key elements of effective peace processes, and the conditions under which mass violence is likely to resume. Examines conflict prevention strategies such as: preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE), disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) of combatants, and reform of police and military forces (security sector reform/SSR). Case studies on countries in Asia, Middle East, Africa and Latin America.

Introduces international development policy and practice. Explores the interrelatedness of the United Nations' distinct human security domains (economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political security), and reviews their connections to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (e.g., zero hunger, peace, justice and strong institutions). Examines the strategies used by humanitarian and development organizations to enhance people's well?being in fragile states and conflict zones. Topics include: ethics of humanitarianism; how to create effective programs to alleviate poverty, tackle corruption and empower women and girls. Case studies on countries in Asia, Middle East, Africa and Latin America.

Chemical structure of genetic material, gene recombination, mutation, and chromosome mapping. Gene expression and regulation; recombinant DNA; evolutionary, quantitative, and population genetics. College math or statistics suggested.