Small amplitude, linear wave theory, standing and propagating waves, wave energy, refraction, diffraction, transformation in shallow water, statistics of random seas, spectral energy density, generating eave time series using the random phase methods forces on structures, Froude scaling of wave tank experiments, nonlinear effects. Description of tides as long waves, equilibrium tide, mathematical modeling including friction, nonlinear effects, and Coriolis forces, tidal analysis, the Great Bay Estuarine System as a case study. Requires knowledge of calculus-based physics and differential equations.

Ocean mapping requires precise positioning and navigation. For this we need to precisely know Earth's shape, gravity field, and orientation in space. Data used for this purpose include satellite-based positioning, gravity measurements, and ground surveys. Reference frames can then be created allowing the integration of geometric observations for the creation of mapping products. One year of calculus and one year of college physics prior to taking this course.

The student works with a faculty member during one or two semesters on a well-defined research and/or original design project. A written report and seminar are presented. IA (continuous grading).

Master's Thesis.