This course focuses on the structure of the Earth and dynamic processes within it. Topics include: plate tectonics, earthquakes and seismic waves, mantle convection, rheology and ice age dynamics, Earth's gravity field and geodesy, and the geodynamo. One year of calculus, one year of college physics required. Lab.

Descriptive treatment of atmosphere-ocean interaction; general wind-driven and thermo-haline ocean circulation; waves and tides; continental shelf and near-shore processes; instrumentation and methods used in ocean research. Simplified conceptual models demonstrate the important principles. Calculus-based physics and introductory oceanography required.

Ocean mapping requires precise positioning and navigation. For this we need to precisely know Earth's shape, gravity field, and orientation in space. Data used for this purpose include satellite-based positioning, gravity measurements, and ground surveys. Reference frames can then be created allowing the integration of geometric observations for the creation of mapping products. One year of calculus and one year of college physics prior to taking this course.

Overview of typical applications that involve mapping the sediment-water interface in the ocean and adjacent waters. Emphasis on defining the task-specific resolution and accuracy requirements. Fundamentals of acoustics relevant to seabed mapping. Progressions through typical configurations involving single beam, sidescan, phase differing and multibeam systems. Integration of asynchronous 3D position, orientation and sound speed measurements with sona-relative acoustic travel times and angles. Analysis of impact of offsets, mis-alignments and latency in all integrated sensors. Prereq: two terms each of college calculus and physics. One year each of calculus and physics required.