An animal's behavioral patterns represent its abilities to deal with the environment dynamically. Course focuses on ecological and evolutionary significance of behavioral patterns found in all organisms, particularly those animals that inhabit coastal marine environments. Strong emphasis on methods of behavioral research and interpretation of behavioral patterns using field observations of diverse fauna of Appledore Island and surrounding waters. Prereq: one year college biology or permission. Special fee. Permission required. (Summers only at Shoals Marine Lab.)

This course explores the spread, establishment, and impact of invasive species. Students will become familiar with ecological and evolutionary theories pertaining to species invasions, and methods for assessing their spread and impact at local and global scales. The course examines: (1) ecological impacts and predictors of invasive species; (2) evolutionary insights of invasions; (3) taxonomic identification and survey techniques; (4) management implications of invasive species; and (5) the effects of global change on their spread. One semester of college biology or equivalent should be taken prior to this course. Special Fee.

Hypothesis testing and experimental design, theoretical and practical aspects of sampling, and critiques of current research papers. Includes special problems of conducting research underwater (diving physics and physiology, theory and use of diving tables, hyperbaric medicine) and underwater techniques (underwater photography and video, photo quadrates, tagging and marking, cages and enclosures). Students must supply their own equipment. Students with special research interests are encouraged to enroll in an additional third week of independent underwater research. Prereq: recognized scuba certification, a medical examination, one year of biology or other supporting science. Special fee. Permission required. (Summers only at Shoals Marine Lab.)

The last 30 years have produced an explosion of new information on the biology of the approximately 1,000 living species of sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras, which collectively make up the group Chondrichthyes. This course will cover advanced topics in the evolution, diversity, anatomy, functional morphology, physiology, sensory systems, behavior, reproduction, development, and conservation of cartilaginous fishes. Prereq: BIOL 411, BIOL 412; ZOOL 518 or ZOOL 625. Special Fee. (Summers only at Shoals Marine Lab.)