Citizenship in the Modern World: This seminar explores civic engagement and civil discourse in the context of American and European political philosophy, institutions, history, and culture. We will explore what citizenship means and how citizens engage in collective action to make decisions on important political and policy questions. We will examine topics such as freedom of speech, equality, liberty, and justice by drawing on primary sources from the 18th through the 21^st centuries. Specifically, we will seek to apply the readings to the contemporary political environment and use the readings as resources to inform ways to participate in politics. Practicing citizenship is challenging in the context of a democracy and we will explore challenges facing American democracy in the 2020s such as ideological and partisan polarization, technology, and growing inequality. By exploring these challenges, we will learn about how to engage in open and respectful debate across political divides.