This course examines the structure and properties of mathematics while focusing on the development of mental mathematics strategies and problem solving skills. Topics include sets, functions, applications of rational numbers, integers, fractions, decimals, percentages, and number theory. Appropriate grade level techniques are utilized to investigate algorithms, probability and statistics, counting techniques, scientific notation, complex numbers, exponents, geometry, and measurement. Students will also investigate ratios, proportion, data analysis, patterns, and the connections to algebra and geometry topics in the context of the 5-12 grades mathematics curriculum.