This clinical course focuses on mathematics learning theories and their application to middle school mathematics instruction. Students examine a variety of instructional strategies through readings, observation and supervised teaching. Topics include constructivist learning, differentiated learning, and an in-depth look at how the state and national standards guide mathematics instruction. Additional topics include integrated curricula, the appropriate use of technology, and effective formative, summative, and alternative assessment strategies. Students plan two, five-lesson mathematics units for two different grade levels, teaching and reflecting on lessons taught in one of the units. Depending on the certification program, a range of fifty to ninety supervised clinical hours are required.