A systems-oriented introduction to C, with an emphasis on low-level operations, memory management, and debugging. Foundational digital systems concepts and methods will be introduced, including Boolean algebra, basic logic gates, number systems & conversions, integer representation, and theoretical aspects of combinational and sequential logic. Aspects of effective programming such as incremental development, appropriate structure and commenting, and basic testing will be stressed. Prereq: (CS 410C with a minimum grade of C- or CS 410P with a minimum grade of C- or CS 414 with a minimum grade of C- or CS 415 with a minimum grade of C-).