Measurement of blood analytes such as proteins, glucose, electrolytes, and cholesterol, etc. Screening for drugs in urine and evaluation of clinical significance in human specimens. Principles of spectrometry, immunoassay, point-of-care testing, chromatography, mass spectrometry, electrophoresis, automation, and ion selective electrodes, with emphasis on instrumentation, quality control, and pre-analytical and analytical issues. Special fee.