This course explores major themes and developments in the history of medical science, health, and illness in North America from 1500 to present. Special attention is paid to America’s role in global scientific networks and health initiatives; the impact of epidemic diseases such as smallpox, cholera, typhoid fever, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS; how the roles of healers, midwives and professional doctors changed over time; the development of healthcare institutions like hospitals, clinics and research centers; major scientific innovations including vaccines, X-rays, penicillin, and chemotherapy; and controversies in medical experimentation and patient care.  Students will learn both historical content and methodology through extensive use of primary source materials.  ​